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Technologies

457 total, from the UN Climate Technology Centre & Network 1

Mitigation​


Carbon Fixation and Abatement​

Fugitive emission control​

  • Oil and gas flaring reduction
  • Coal mine methane
  • Natural gas pipeline leaking
  • Charcoal production

Carbon capture and storage​

  • CO2 transport technologies
  • CO2 storage technologies
  • CO2 capture technologies

Inland water & maritime​

  • Maritime freight
  • Maritime support systems

Transport​

Land Transport​

  • Traffic management
  • More efficient heavy duty vehicles
  • More efficient light duty vehicles
  • Modal shift from car to cycling
  • Modal shift from road to rail
  • Road pricing
  • Intelligent transport systems
  • Scrappage programmes
  • Transport Demand Management
  • Freight management
  • More efficient train system
  • Transit-oriented development
  • Bus Rapid Transit
  • Cable cars
  • Promotion of non-motorised transport
  • High-speed rail

Vehicle and fuel technologies​

  • Compressed Natural Gas as fuel
  • Biogas as fuel
  • Advanced biofuels
  • Energy-efficient motors
  • Liquefied Natural Gas in trucks and cars
  • Electric vehicles
  • Regenerative braking
  • Liquefied Petroleum Gas in transport
  • Fuel cells for mobile applications
  • Hybrid electric vehicles

Aviation​

  • Aviation support systems
  • Air cargo

Energy efficiency​

Energy distribution​

  • Hydrogen infrastructure
  • District heating and cooling
  • Micro-grid
  • Smart grid
  • Connection of isolated grid

Appliances and equipment​

  • Water efficiency
  • Residential water heaters
  • LPG and LNG for household and commercial cooking
  • Lighting
  • Community-based energy services
  • Appliance standards
  • Efficient server and network technology
  • Improved cook stoves
  • Fuel cell technologies
  • Appliances
  • Water purification
  • Energy labelling
  • Water pumping

Buildings​

  • Sustainable design
  • Daylight harnessing
  • New building design
  • Insulation in buildings
  • Building envelope thermal insulation
  • Building materials
  • Building life cycle and integrated design process
  • Building standards and codes
  • Greening the built environment
  • Retrofitting of existing buildings
  • Building automation
  • Building Energy Management Systems
  • Carbon sink and low-carbon building materials
  • Heating - Ventilation and Air Conditioning
  • Design for Deconstruction
  • High performance building facades
  • Passive house design
  • Traditional building materials and design
  • Sustainable spatial planning
  • Cool roofs
  • Efficient air conditioning systems
  • Indirect evaporative cooling

Energy storage​

  • Compressed air energy storage
  • Phase change materials for thermal energy storage
  • Capacitors
  • Batteries
  • Pumped hydroelectric energy storage
  • Flywheels
  • Superconducting magnetic energy storage
  • Underground thermal energy storage

Renewable energy​

Solar​

  • Solar cooking
  • Solar cooling and hybrid systems with heating and hot water
  • Solar towers (updraft)
  • Solar water purification
  • Building-integrated PV
  • Solar water pumps
  • Solar heating
  • Solar lamps
  • Solar PV
  • Solar thermal power
  • Solar dryer
  • Energy tower (downdraft)
  • Solar water heater

Renewable energy infrastructure​

  • Hydrogen technologies
  • Off-grid systems
  • Fuel cells
  • Fuel cells for stationary applications
  • Renewable energy resource mapping
  • Grid integration for renewables

Hydro​

  • Run-of-river hydropower

Ocean energy​

  • Osmotic power
  • Ocean thermal energy conversion
  • Wave energy
  • Tidal energy

Wind​

  • On-shore wind
  • Building-integrated wind turbines
  • Offshore wind
  • Wind water pumping
  • Small-scale wind

Bioenergy​

  • Biofuels from algae
  • Switch from fossil fuel to biomass
  • Biogas for heating
  • Energy supply from waste
  • Biogas power
  • Biomass briquettes or pellets
  • Biomass for heating
  • Black liquor
  • Biomass power
  • Ethanol fuel
  • Biodiesel
  • Biodiesel from waste oil
  • Charcoal production for cooking and heating
  • Household biogas

Geothermal​

  • Heat pumps
  • Geothermal electricity
  • Geothermal heating

Waste Management​

Solid waste​

  • Landfill aeration
  • Gasification of waste
  • Integrated solid waste management
  • Landfill biocovers
  • Landfill composting
  • Industrial solid waste
  • Municipal solid waste
  • Landfill gas power
  • Incineration of waste
  • Landfill gas flaring

Recycling​

  • Recycling of Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment
  • Glass recycling
  • Advanced paper recycling
  • Product component and materials recycling

Wastewater​

  • Wastewater management systems
  • Aerobic wastewater treatment

Forestry​

Sustainable forest management​

Mangroves conservation and rehabilitation​

Forest management techniques for mitigation​

Urban forestry​

Afforestation​

Soil carbon measurement​

Carbon stock measurement, monitoring and verification​

Reforestation​

Biomass carbon measurement and monitoring​

Grassland management​


Agriculture​

Demand efficiency​

  • Minimizing food waste
  • Dietary changes

Cropland​

  • Crop varieties with enhanced carbon sequestration
  • Nutrient management: mycorrhiza
  • N2O reduction
  • Cropland management
  • Machinery
  • Mineral fertilizers
  • Irrigation
  • Rice cultivation
  • CH4 reduction
  • Soil management
  • Restoration of organic soils
  • Restoration of degraded lands
  • Organic agriculture
  • Reduction of energy use in traction
  • Field burning of agricultural residues
  • Precision agriculture
  • Conservation tillage
  • Peat carbon management
  • Biochar
  • Landscape multifunctionality
  • Cover crop technology
  • Manure coverage
  • Crop drying

Wetland management​

Soil carbon measurement​

Carbon stock measurement, monitoring and verification​

Improvement of Agri-food processes​

Livestock management​

  • Manure management
  • Selective breeding via controlled mating
  • Methane emission mitigation of ruminants
  • Straw ammoniation and silage
  • Temperature regulation for livestock
  • Enteric fermentation
  • Livestock disease management
  • Grazing land management
  • Fodder banks
  • Climate tolerant livestock
  • Domestic manure
  • Pasture management
  • Livestock feed optimization

Biomass carbon measurement and monitoring​


Adaptation​


Industry​

Mining & production​

  • Non-ferrous metals
  • Reducing air and steam leaks
  • Blast furnace slag granulation
  • Direct casting for iron and steel sector
  • Coke dry quenching for iron and steel sector
  • Inert anode technology for Aluminum smelters
  • Iron & steel processing
  • Aluminum industry
  • Scrap preheating for iron and steel
  • Improved efficiency in mining and resource extraction
  • Smelt reduction for iron and steel sector
  • Advanced wet quenching for iron and steel sector

Fossil fuel shift​

  • Oil to electricity
  • Oil to LPG
  • Fossil fuels to natural gas
  • New natural gas plant
  • Fuel switch in industry

Construction​

  • Efficient brick kiln
  • Clinker replacement
  • CCS from cement production
  • Cement production
  • Cement heat
  • Glass production

Manufacturing industry​

  • Machinery
  • Efficient supply chains
  • Mitigation in the textiles and leather industry
  • Industrial symbiosis
  • Electronic control systems
  • Eco-design
  • Wood products
  • Mitigation in the pulp and paper industry
  • Electronic devices
  • Bioplastics

Conventional power plant efficiency​

  • Power plant rehabilitation
  • Stirling engine
  • Natural gas combined cycle plants
  • Integrated gasification combined-cycle
  • Single cycle to combined cycle power generation
  • Replacement of district heating boilers
  • Higher efficiency oil power
  • Higher efficiency steam boiler
  • Waste heat recovery
  • Trigeneration
  • Small-scale Combined Heat and Power
  • Large-scale Combined Heat and Power

Chemicals management​

  • N2O reduction
  • Shift to coolants and refrigerants with lower GWP
  • SF6 reduction
  • Adipic acid
  • Biopolymer production for petrochemical sector
  • CH4 reduction
  • CO2 replacement
  • CO2 recycling
  • PFCs reduction
  • Carbon black
  • Ammonia
  • Nitric acid
  • NF3 reduction

Transport of raw fuels​

  • Coal transport
  • Biomass transport
  • Liquefaction plants
  • LNG and LPG carrier

Early Warning and Environmental Assessment​

Remote sensing & GIS​

Hazard mapping​

  • seasonal to interannual weather forecast
  • Disaster risk assessment tools
  • Hazard mapping solutions
  • Flood hazard mapping

Early warning systems​

  • Early Warning Systems Communication
  • Community-run early warning systems
  • Climate scenario development
  • Flood forecasting systems
  • Landslide and mudflow warning systems

Monitoring systems​

  • Monitoring of invasive species
  • Climate change monitoring
  • Light detection and ranging
  • Water resource assessment
  • Ecosystem monitoring

Improved weather forecasting & hydrometeorological networks​


Agriculture and Forestry​

Terrestrial ecosystems management​

  • Ecological corridors
  • Ecological buffer zones
  • Bushfire reduction and prescribed fire
  • Wetland restoration and rehabilitation
  • Control of sand encroachment
  • Biodiversity management systems
  • Forest fire control

Agro-forestry, Silviculture & Mixed farming​

  • Rainguard for rubber trees
  • General agro-forestry - silviculture and mixed farming solutions
  • Agroforestry

Seed, grain & food storage​

  • Crop storage
  • Ex situ conservation and seed banks
  • Food banks and distribution of food surplus

Increasing crop resilience and productivity​

  • Sustainable fertilizers
  • Terracing
  • Integrated nutrient management
  • Soil moisture monitoring
  • Soilless agriculture
  • Fodder crops
  • Wind breaks
  • Greenhouse crop management
  • Organic agriculture
  • Fertilizer management
  • Fungal symbioses
  • Precision agriculture
  • Biochar technology
  • Pest and insect control
  • Biotechnology for crop adaptation
  • GMO crops
  • Conservation tillage
  • Improved cultivation techniques
  • Crop diversification and new varieties
  • Aeroponic seed production
  • Crop rotation

Livestock management​

  • Manure management
  • Selective breeding via controlled mating
  • Methane emission mitigation of ruminants
  • Straw ammoniation and silage
  • Temperature regulation for livestock
  • Enteric fermentation
  • Livestock disease management
  • Grazing land management
  • Fodder banks
  • Climate tolerant livestock
  • Domestic manure
  • Pasture management
  • Livestock feed optimization

Land management training​

  • Community-based agricultural extension
  • Forest user groups
  • Farmer field schools

Water​

Water efficiency and demand management​

  • Water efficiency in industry
  • Leakage management in piped systems
  • Water accounting
  • Irrigation efficiency and information systems
  • Progressive water pricing
  • Water savings requirements in building codes
  • Public water conservation campaigns
  • Water licensing and permits

Adaptation planning​

  • Hazard mapping
  • seasonal to interannual weather forecast
  • Disaster risk assessment tools
  • Hazard mapping solutions
  • Flood hazard mapping
  • National plan
  • Technology Needs Assessment
  • National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan
  • National Adaptation Plan
  • National adaptation programs of action
  • Stakeholder consultations
  • Open source climate data and tools
  • Climate change vulnerability assessment
  • Downscaling of climate model projections

Water augmentation (increasing capture and storage of surface run-off)​

  • Rainwater harvesting
  • Integration of green spaces in planning
  • Watershed conservation
  • Source water protection

Hydropower​

  • Multi-purpose dams
  • Small hydropower
  • Large hydropower
  • Embedding climate variability in hydropower design

Water pollution​

  • Point of use water treatment
  • Domestic water treatment & management
  • Wastewater treatment plant
  • Flood-proof sanitary latrines
  • Water Safety Plans

Riverine flood protection​

  • River restoration
  • Flow-through dam for flood control
  • Artificial lowering of glacial lakes
  • Re-connecting rivers with floodplains
  • Disaster preparedness plans
  • Accommodation for flooding
  • Sandbags against flooding
  • Flood proof wells
  • Floodplain zoning

Urban storm water management​

  • Canals and drainage systems
  • Runoff control structures to temporarily store rainfall
  • Permeable parking lots
  • Drainage gradient
  • Bioswales

Water storage​

  • Ponds and tanks
  • Natural wetlands and green infrastructure
  • Water reservoirs
  • Limiting land conversion & deforestation
  • Designing protected areas
  • Soil moisture conservation techniques
  • Indigenous water storage structures

Use of alternative water sources​

  • Seawater desalination
  • Interbasin transfers
  • Solar water distillation
  • Water recycling and reclamation
  • Fog harvesting

Integrated planning​

  • Basin level planning
  • Integrated Water Resources Management
  • Hydrological modelling
  • Groundwater extraction and monitoring

Limiting nutrient leakage​

  • Riparian buffers
  • Land use limitations
  • Designing protected areas
  • Change in land use practices

Water allocation​

  • Seasonal water restrictions
  • Basin level modeling for water allocation
  • Water reallocation

Human Health​

Emergency medical services​

Advanced IT systems in the health sector​

  • Disease surveillance systems
  • E-Health

Public health services​

  • Education of health personnel
  • Heat wave plans and emergency response

Vaccination programs​

Vector-borne diseases​

  • Rapid diagnostic tests
  • Malaria protection and prevention programs
  • Long-lasting insecticidal bed nets

Infrastructure and Urban planning​

Ground surface material​

  • Engineered cementitious composite (ECC)
  • Warm-mix asphalt

Sewerage infrastructure​

Land use in human settlements​

Grid resiliency​

Building design and material​

  • Elevated buildings

Urban design and spatial planning​

Building construction​

Water supply infrastructure​

Urban planning​

  • Urban infrastructure development
  • General planning solutions

Building codes​

Resilient transport systems​

  • Resilient railway systems
  • Resilient road systems

Coastal Zones​

Retreat​

  • Coastal setbacks
  • Managed realignment

Accommodation​

  • Flood and cyclone shelters
  • Flood-proofing
  • Floating houses
  • Management of seagrass beds
  • Floating agricultural systems
  • Groundwater management
  • Flood warning systems
  • Coastal zoning

Integrated coastal zone management​

  • Sediment management
  • Restoration and protection of coral reefs
  • Coastal monitoring
  • Ecosystem restoration and conservation plans

Protection (hard engineering)​

  • Storm surge barriers and closure dams
  • Breakwaters
  • Jetties
  • Dikes
  • Sea walls
  • Groynes
  • Geosynthetics
  • Coastal infrastructure rehabilitation
  • Revetments
  • Cliff stabilization
  • Land claim
  • Beach nourishment
  • Constructed wetlands
  • Dune construction & stabilization

Marine and Fisheries​

Active motion-dampening systems for marine ports​

Seaweed farming​

Marine protected areas​

Fisheries management​

Artificial reefs​

Aquaculture management​

Footnotes​

Footnotes​

  1. UN Climate Technology Centre & Network Taxonomy ↩